Functions for estimating belowground and whole tree biomass of birch in Norway

Obtaining accurate estimates of national belowground and whole tree biomass is important to better understand the global carbon cycle and to quantify biomass stocks and changes. However, the availability of individual tree belowground biomass functions is generally low due to the difficulty of extracting roots. Allometric birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth) biomass functions were derived from 67 trees for belowground and whole tree biomass using diameter at breast height (dbh) and height as the independent variables. The sampled trees spanned a dbh range from 4.0 to 45.5?cm and the functions provided a good fit to the data (RMSE?=?14.2?kg for BG and 40.7?kg for whole tree with dbh as predictor). Belowground, total stem, live crown, and dead branch biomass comprised 29.2%, 52.2%, 18.1%, and 0.5% of the whole tree biomass, respectively. Observed root-to-shoot ratios were between 0.21 and 0.88 with a mean of 0.42. Comparisons with existing belowground birch biomass functions from Fennoscandia indicated considerable differences in estimates between existing functions. The derived data-set for belowground birch biomass is the largest in Fennoscandia and the developed functions are likely the best available for estimating national birch biomass stock and stock change in Norway.     

高职软装饰专业建设研究

对各门课程进行深入的剖析和探讨,使开发课程标准更具针对性,改革教学内容更具实用性,调整教学课件更具丰富性,注重培养学生的职业素养和综合能力,将教、学、研结合起来,把传授知识、培养能力和提高素质融为一体。     

氮磷钾不同配比模式对水稻性状及产量的影响

通过对北镇地区氮磷钾不同配比模式对水稻的影响效果进行试验。结果表明,推荐施肥区、习惯施肥与推荐施肥搭配区的产量高于其他处理的水稻产量,肥料利用率高些,增产效果好,经济效益显著。其中以推荐施肥N-14.2、P-7、K-7的配方最佳,但此施肥配方易受土壤条件和气候制约,需因地制宜,予以应用。在生产实际中,氮磷钾肥施用以1/3氮肥、全部磷肥、2/3钾肥做底肥,后期追施2/3氮肥和1/3钾肥为最佳施肥模式,能够达到高产、稳产、高效的目的。     

Generalized functions of biomass expansion factors for conifers and broadleaved by stand age,growing stock and site index

Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and/or the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to account for their direct human-induced carbon emissions and removals including those from forestry and other land use related activities. In most European countries, the forestry related greenhouse gas inventories are largely or exclusively based on converting tree volume data from national forest inventories to biomass using biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs). However, country specific data for many species are often lacking, which considerably increases the uncertainties of the greenhouse gas inventories. The focus of this research was to develop, using internationally published datasets that cover a large geographical area, an extended set of generalized curves of such biomass expansion factors for several species or species groups by age, growing stock and site index.     

An improved session initiation protocol signaling compression algorithm based on lempel ziv storer szymanski and Huffman

Session initiation protocol(SIP) has been chosen as the call/session control protocol in IP multimedia subsystem(IMS). However, large SIP messages create a bottleneck for SIP application in IP multimedia subsystem(IMS) in wireless applications. Based on the SigComp, and by comparing various compression algorithms, lempel ziv storer szymanski(LZSS) is selected as the basic algorithm to compress SIP in accordance with the characteristics of messages in SIP protocol. To further improve the compression ratio, a new algorithm is proposed based on LZSS and Huffman. The performance of the compression algorithm is analyzed via simulation.     

水声通信网MAC协议的分析与仿真

基于水声通信网的特殊的组网形式,它的MAC层协议的设计目标不同于传统的陆地无线网,节约能量是其首要考虑的问题。在目前现有的MAC协议中,802.11的DCF机制是基于竞争类的代表;而S-MAC协议则综合了固定分配类和随机竞争类的优点并以节能和可扩展性为主要设计目标。本文通过NS仿真对水声通信网应用这两种协议的性能进行了分析比较。     

适于双向电泳分析的水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白提取方法的比较

为建立水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白的双向电泳技术,获得分辨度高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱.采用了酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法进行水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白质的提取,利用17cm、pH 5 ～8的IPG胶条对样品进行双向电泳,用PDQuest 8.0软件对电泳图谱进行分析,确定电泳的最佳参数.结果显示:采用17cm、pH 5 ～8的IPG胶条能得到较好的双向电泳图谱;同一样品的三种不同蛋白提取方法(酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法)分别得到1278、885、827个蛋白质点.酚抽提法能有效去除样品中的盐分和小分子的干扰,得到背景清晰的蛋白图谱;TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法所得图谱有一定的杂质干扰,同时TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法有蛋白点缺失,尤其在碱性端存在明显缺失现泉.研究结果建立了一套适于水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白的可靠提取方法和双向电泳体系,为进一步研究其蛋白质组学奠定了基础.     

基于无线传感器网络的农田信息采集系统的研究

针对农田种植区域广、数据采集量大、信息实时传输难的特点,设计了基于无线传感器网络的农田信息采集系统,构建了一个切实可行的农田信息无线传感网络系统,解决了节点定位、路由协议应用等问题.该系统能够在实际生产过程中减少人力操作和人工测量的误差,降低农业生产的成本,并可以最大程度地实现农田信息自动精确的实时采集、汇聚和传输,农...     

基于农田无线传感网络的分簇路由算法

由于无线传感网络节点的能量有限,如何有效地利用有限资源以及实现数据的有效传输,成为研究热点问题.针对农田区域广以及种植作物杂等环境特征,为延长农田无线传感器网络的生命周期,提高传感网的数据包投递率,构建了适用于农田信息采集的无线传感器网络架构,提出了一种混合式的分簇路由算法HCRA(hybrid clustering routing algorithm),研究了簇的形成、簇头竞选以及簇间路由过程,并对HCRA算法与低功耗自适应集簇分层型算法LEACH(low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy),以及使用固定簇半径的混合节能分簇算法HEED(hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering)进行了仿真试验.结果表明:在1 000次迭代周期下,采用HCRA算法的网络生存时间要比LEACH算法长约28％,比HEED算法长约12％;采用HCRA算法的数据包投递率要比LEACH算法高约34个百分点,比HEED算法高约16个百分点.该研究可为农田环境信息采集自动化监测系统提供参考.     

基于异构数据集成技术的农业信息综合管理网络平台开发

针对中国当前农业无线监测中农业信息化标准尚未建立,监测终端各不相同,监测系统数据结构兼容性差的问题,该文围绕异构数据规范化设计和管理,开发了面向差异化农业信息监测终端的一体化网络平台。根据异构网络数据特点,将不同监测终端上传的数据格式标准化;基于XML(extensible markup language)和Visual Basic 6.0开发了标准化网管数据接口,将不同终端数据按照通讯协议的标准格式解析、存储数据;基于PHP、My SQL数据库和服务器及网站网页技术设计并搭建了远程监测平台。利用开沟机监测终端进行田间试验,监测耕深和跟踪机具,试验表明:网管数据接口能实时接收并正确解析终端数据;监测平台可实现远程数据的曲线显示、数据导出和控制终端的远程控制、轨迹绘制的功能;通过导出数据的轨迹和平台显示轨迹对比,轨迹精确。该研究解决了监测系统异构数据及终端硬件差异问题,把单机测控应用扩展至广域网,可应用于农机信息的远程实时监测和远程控制,对现代化农业信息化共享有着重要作用。